What is Lithium Hexafluorophosphate LiPF6
- CAS No.: 21324-40-3
- HS Code: 2826909001
- Appearance: White powder or crystal
- EINECS: 244-334-7
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is an inorganic substance, usually in the appearance of white crystals or powder. It is easily soluble in water, and is also soluble in low-concentration methanol, ethanol, acetone, carbonates and other organic solvents. Lithium hexafluorophosphate is an important component of lithium-ion battery electrolyte, accounting for about 40% of the total cost of the electrolyte. It is mainly used in lithium-ion power batteries, lithium-ion energy storage batteries and other daily batteries. It is an irreplaceable lithium-ion battery electrolyte in the near and medium term.
Technical Specifications of SLES 70% for Sale in Chemate
| Item | Lithium Hexafluorophosphate |
| Density | 1.50 g/cm3 |
| Insoluble substance | ≤0.1% |
| Moisture | ≤20 ppm |
| Dissociation acid (HF) | ≤100ppm |
| Al | ≤5 ppm |
| Cu | ≤5 ppm |
| Cr | ≤5 ppm |
| Ca | ≤2 ppm |
| Fe | ≤5 ppm |
| Pb | ≤2 ppm |
| Mg | ≤5 ppm |
| Na | ≤5 ppm |
| Melting point | 200 °C |
| Molecular weight | 151.91 g/mol |
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What are Roles of Lithium Hexafluorophosphate in Lithium Batteries
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) is the most widely used electrolyte material in lithium-ion battery electrolytes. It mainly undertakes the core function of lithium ion conduction and significantly affects the overall performance of the battery. Without high-quality electrolytes, the performance of lithium batteries will be greatly reduced. Lithium hexafluorophosphate not only improves the efficiency and life of lithium batteries, but also provides a strong guarantee for the safety of batteries.
Key medium for ion conduction
As the core lithium salt in the electrolyte, lithium hexafluorophosphate forms a lithium ion transmission channel between the positive and negative electrodes, and the Li⁺ and PF₆⁻ ions generated by its dissociation directly affect the conductivity of the electrolyte. Its anion (PF₆⁻) has a weak association ability and is easy to dissociate in organic solvents, thereby improving the ion migration efficiency of the electrolyte.
It is a stable guarantee for electrochemical performance
High voltage stability. The cathode stable voltage reaches 5.1V, which is far higher than the conventional working voltage of lithium-ion batteries (4.2V), avoiding corrosion of the current collector (such as aluminum foil).
Interface protection. The electrolyte interface (SEI film) generated by the reaction with the solvent can protect the graphite negative electrode and the aluminum current collector and extend the battery cycle life.
Enhance battery safety. The use of lithium hexafluorophosphate can also improve the safety of lithium batteries and reduce potential risks such as battery overheating or short circuit.
Improve battery performance and extend battery life. As an important component of the electrolyte, lithium hexafluorophosphate’s excellent ionic conductivity helps improve the charging and discharging efficiency of lithium batteries, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery. In addition, due to the high stability of lithium hexafluorophosphate, it can reduce the loss of the battery during the charging and discharging process, thereby extending the service life of the battery.
Hydrolysis Mechanism of Lithium Hexafluorophosphate LiPF6
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is an important compound widely used in lithium-ion batteries. It plays an important role as an electrolyte in the battery. However, when LiPF6 comes into contact with water, a hydrolysis reaction will occur, producing by-products such as hydrofluoric acid and lithium hydroxide. The hydrolysis reaction will not only affect the performance of the battery, but may also cause safety problems. Understanding the hydrolysis mechanism of lithium hexafluorophosphate is very important for the safety and stability of the battery.
The hydrolysis mechanism of LiPF6 powder mainly includes the following steps:
- Attack of water molecules. When lithium hexafluorophosphate comes into contact with water, water molecules first attack the fluorine atoms in the lithium hexafluorophosphate molecules to form intermediate products.
- The cracking of the five-membered ring.Under the action of water, the intermediate product undergoes the cracking of the five-membered ring to generate hydrofluoric acid and lithium hydroxide.
- The release of hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid is one of the main products of the hydrolysis reaction. It will further react with lithium hexafluorophosphate to form lithium fluoride and hexafluorophosphate.
- The generation of lithium hydroxide.On the other hand, lithium hydroxide is also one of the products of the hydrolysis reaction. It will combine with the hydrogen ions in hydrofluoric acid to generate water and lithium fluoride.
Raw materials for the production of lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 Powder
The main raw materials for lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) include the following four key substances.
Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3). As the core raw material for the preparation of lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium carbonate accounts for up to 76.1% of the cost of lithium hexafluorophosphate and is the most important part of the cost structure. Lithium fluoride further reacts with phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5) to generate lithium hexafluorophosphate.
Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). The two react to form an intermediate product, phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5), which is a key step in the synthesis of lithium hexafluorophosphate. Hydrogen fluoride accounts for about 29% of the cost and is the second largest raw material.
Lithium fluoride (LiF). It is processed from lithium carbonate and reacts with PF5 to finally form lithium hexafluorophosphate.
Other auxiliary materials (such as organic solvents) are required in the production process, but the above four are the core raw materials directly involved in the chemical reaction.
Production Method of Lithium Hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 Electrolyte
The preparation methods of lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte mainly include solution method and solid electrolyte method.
The solution method is currently a widely used preparation method. Its main steps include dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate in an organic solvent, such as carbonate or carbonate, reacting under appropriate temperature and stirring conditions, and finally obtaining a lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte.
The solid electrolyte method is an emerging preparation method, the main principle of which is to combine LiPF6 powder with a solid polymer or inorganic material to form a solid electrolyte. This preparation method has the advantages of simple process and low production cost, and can improve the high temperature resistance and safety of the battery.
Development of new materials for lithium batteries
From the perspective of elemental properties, lithium has become an electrode material with high specific energy due to its lightest alkali metal properties and smallest molar mass. Fluorine, with its extremely strong electronegativity and activity, combines with lithium to form an electrochemical reversible battery with a potential of up to 5.93V. LiPF6 electrolyte still maintains an irreplaceable position in the lithium battery industry due to its unique elemental composition and excellent comprehensive performance. Compared with alternatives such as lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), LiPF6 battery grade has better conductivity and electrochemical stability at room temperature, and is suitable for mainstream positive and negative electrode materials (such as lithium cobalt oxide, ternary materials, graphite, etc.).
For lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), which is used with lithium hexafluorophosphate to improve battery capacity and electrochemical performance of batteries, enterprises use new technologies to produce, which can achieve the goal of significantly reducing production costs and create conditions for commercial use.
The main products of new energy batteries include cylindrical batteries, soft-pack batteries, square aluminum shell lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries. The main application areas are new energy vehicles, electric two-wheelers and three-wheelers, large-scale distributed energy storage, industrial and commercial energy storage, household energy storage systems, and portable energy storage.
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